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Topór (Polish for "axe") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families in medieval Poland and under the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.[1]
History
The topór coat of arms is said[according to whom?] to be one of the oldest Polish szlachta emblems, if not the oldest. Its use dates back to at least as far as a seal of the late 13th century. Before the Union of Horodło (1413) approximately 220 Polish szlachta families - mostly in and around Kraków, Lublin and Sandomierz - used this symbol.
Under the Union the coat of arms was represented by Maciej z Wąsocza, the Voivod of Kraków, and by Jan Butrym, a Lithuanian boyar who represented Lithuanian noble families. After the union another 150 families in Lithuania adopted the topór coat of arms. Due to its antiquity it was sometimes referred to as "Starża", an Old-Polish word denoting great age.
Blazon
Gules, axe argent. The crest is in the form of an axe embedded in the helm, argent.
In Latin: (Topor). Thopor siue Bipennis alba in campo rubeo (...)[2]
Notable bearers
Notable bearers of this coat of arms have included:
- Jan Jerzy Grabowski
- Cyprian Norwid
- House of Ossoliński
- House of Tęczyński
- House of Tarło
- Eustachy Trepka
- Józef Zabiełło
- House of Bogdanowicz
- Family of Zemła and Zemło ennobled 1413 in the Union of Horodło for taking part and courageous fighting in the battle of Grunwald 1410.
Gallery
Aristocratic variations
Standard variations
Coat of arms of cities and gminas
Coat of arms with the topór symbol
Paintings with the coat of arms topór
Other
See also
Bibliography
- Kasper Niesiecki: Herbarz polski. T. 9. 1839-1846
- Franciszek Piekosiński: Heraldyka polska wieków średnich. Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, 1899
- Józef Szymański: Herbarz średniowiecznego rycerstwa polskiego. Warszawa: PWN, 1993
- Bartosz Paprocki, Jan Kazimierz Turowski: Herby rycerstwa polskiego przez Bartosza Paprockiego zebrane i wydane r. p. 1584. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Biblioteki Polskiej, 1858.
- Stanisław Teodor Chrząński: Tablice odmian herbowych. Juliusz Karol Ostrowski, 1909, s. V.
- Tadeusz Gajl: Herbarz polski od średniowiecza do XX wieku : ponad 4500 herbów szlacheckich 37 tysięcy nazwisk 55 tysięcy rodów. L&L, 2007, s. 363. ISBN 978-83-60597-10-1.
- Barbara Trelińska: Album armorum nobilium Regni Poloniae XV - XVIII saec. Herby nobilitacji i indygenatów XV - XVIII w.. Lublin: 2001,
- Stanisław Dziadulewicz: Herbarz rodzin tatarskich w Polsce. Wilno: Stanisław Dziadulewicz, 1929
References
- ^ Alfred Znamierowski: Herbarz rodowy. Warszawa: Świat Książki, 2004, s. 171. ISBN 83-7391-166-9.
- ^ Jan Długosz: Insignia seu clenodia incliti Regni Poloniae